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Skin-penetrating peptides (SKPs) are gradually emerging as a highly promising class of enhancers capable of facilitating the delivery of macromolecular substances across the skin.
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12
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23
2025
“Blue” Confidant: The Blue Diamond of the Skincare World—Copper Peptides
In the skincare world, where ingredient-focused trends reign supreme, you’ve surely heard of “C in the morning, A at night,” exfoliated with acids, and used hyaluronic acid. But did you know that among the myriad active ingredients, there’s a mysterious yet luxurious shade of blue waiting to be discovered? That’s none other than copper peptide—a compound often hailed as the “blue diamond of the skincare world.”
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11
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20
2025
Fluorescein amine has been shown to be an excellent terminating agent used in solid-phase peptide synthesis to block unreacted amino groups. A comparison with the efficiency of acetylation termination reveals that products generated by the fluorescein amine method are evaluated as superior in peptide analysis, dansyl-based N-terminal assays, and bioassays. Moreover, the fragments terminated with fluorescein amine are converted into non-fluorescent spiro-lactones during the deprotection step. These spiro-lactones exhibit stability under subsequent solid-phase reaction conditions and can be readily removed from the target peptide.
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08
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29
2025
1. The reaction kinetics of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid with various amino acids, peptides, and proteins were studied using spectrophotometry. 2. It was found that the reactions of the α-amino and ε-amino groups in simple amino acids are second-order reactions, and the unprotonated amino groups were identified as the active species. 3. By aggregating the non-reactive -NH3+ groups, the intrinsic activity of the free amino groups was deduced and shown to be related to basicity.
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08
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28
2025
In solid-phase peptide synthesis, a novel non-invasive qualitative and quantitative detection method can be employed to monitor the acylation process and endpoint of resin-bound amino groups by using the acid-base indicator bromophenol blue.
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08
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27
2025
This article introduces a new, simple, and efficient method for detecting incompletely coupled reactions during solid-phase peptide synthesis. By using 1-nitrophenyl ester (NF31), resin beads can be directly colored to visualize free amino groups on the resin. A distinctive feature of this method is its ability to detect primary amino groups with significant steric hindrance.
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08
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26
2025
Peptides are the foundation of many drugs currently available on the market and also serve as the basis for numerous ongoing research efforts. Most peptides are synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). A key feature of this approach is that the synthetic intermediates are not isolated. In such cases, developing a real-time monitoring method would ensure an optimized synthesis process. The refractive index (RI) of a liquid provides crucial information about its physical properties and any aspects related to its solution composition.
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08
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25
2025
Previously, we developed a detection method based on the reversible reaction between free amino groups and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), which forms a dark-colored product and proves particularly useful in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Here, we used a spectrophotometer to investigate the structure-activity relationship of NHPI derivatives, aiming to identify the derivative that is most suitable for this method. We found that when the structure of a derivative contains the NHPI framework, its reaction product with the unprotected amino group of an amino acid exhibits only a dark color.
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08
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22
2025
A method for visually detecting free amino groups during solid-phase peptide synthesis has been reported. This technique involves the cyclization of 2-(2-oxo-2H-anthracen-1-ylidene)-maleimide (1) under alkaline catalysis, followed by oxidative substitution of the aryl group at the N-terminus of the peptide chain by the free amino group, thereby forming a chromophore that allows differentiation between unprotected and protected peptide chains. The reaction is rapid, does not require heating, and enables N-terminal modification of peptides suitable for imaging specific cells.
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08
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21
2025
We report a non-contact colorimetric method using a camera to monitor and optimize the amide bond formation process, which can be applied to detect amide bond formation reactions mediated by coupling reagents. For amide bond-forming reactions in liquid phase, we investigated acylation reactions mediated by HATU, PyAOP, and DIC/Oxyma and found a correlation between chromatic parameters extracted from video data and the amide product formation rates determined by offline HPLC concentration analysis.
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08
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20
2025